Lesson 1B : Kata Kerja Primary Auxiliary
2) Primary Auxiliary Verb (sering disebut "auxiliary verb" saja / kata kerja bantu)
- Berfungsi memberi konteks / tenses / situasi / menambah kejelasan / maksud / suasana
- Membantu membentuk
- kalimat negatif
- kalimat tanya
- kalimat pasif
- Ada 3 Jenis Auxiliary Verb (Be, Do, Have)
- Be (membantu membetuk tenses dan juga berfungsi sebagai linking)
- Present ("be" berubah sesuai subjek)
- I : am
- he / she/ it : is
- you / we / they : are
- Past
- you / we / they : were
- I / he / she / it : was
- was dan were adalah bentuk verb2 dari "be"
- Future (modal will + verb1)
- I / you / we / they : be
- he / she / it : be
- "be" adalah base form / bentuk verb dasar (verb1)
- Perfect (have/has/had + verb3)
- I / you / we / they : been
- he / she / it : been
- been adalah bentuk verb3 / past participle dari "be"
- am, is, are, was, were juga berfungsi sebagai linking verb, menghubungkan subjek (noun/pronoun) dengan predikat (noun/adjective/adverb)
- Simple
- present simple :
- I am a student (noun)
- I am happy (adjective)
- I am in the class room (adverb)
- past simple : She was a teacher before retirement
- future simple : I will be a lecturer next year
- Continuous
- present continuous : I am working
- past continuous : I was working when the power went out
- Perfect
- present perfect : I have been to Malaysia three times
- past perfect : I had been to Malaysia three times before I moved to Singapore
- "Be" bentuk dasar (verb1)
- sebagai infinitive (to + verb1) : I want to be a doctor
- digunakan setelah modals : you can be successful / you will be successful
- "Be" dalam bentuk "being"
- "Being" sebagai present participle : He is being rude
- "Being sebagai gerund : Being honest is important
- Do
- sebagai auxiliary : membentuk kalimat negatif / kalimat tanya
- sebagai main verb : bisa bermakna "mengerjakan / melakukan"
- I do my homework✅
- "do" dalam kalimat ini sebagai main verb (bukan auxiliary)
- I do not do my homework✅
- do not : "do" sebagai auxiliary
- do my homework : "do" sebagai main verb
- She does not do her homework✅
- does not : "does" sebagai auxiliary
- do her homework : "do" sebagai main verb
- She does not does her homework❌
- does not : "does" sebagai auxiliary
- does her homework : salah, karena sudah ada auxiliary "does", sehingga main verb harus kembali ke base form (verb1) yaitu "do"
- She does not like coffee✅
- "like" tanpa imbuhan "+s/+es"
- sudah ada auxiliary does, maka "like" tidak perlu "+s/+es" (tetap base form)
- I / you / we / they : do
- he / she / it : does
- simple past (semua subjek) : did
- Have
- sebagai auxiliary
- present perfect (s + have/has + past participle / verb3)
- I have finished my homework✅
- He has finished his homework✅
- past perfect (s + had + past participle / verb3)
- She had eaten breakfast before she went to the office✅
- sebagai main verb
- They are having a meeting✅
- They : subject
- are : auxiliary
- having : main verb (v+ing / present participle)
- a meeting : noun (bukan present participle, bukan juga gerund)
- format present continuous : s + am/is/are + present participle (v+ing)
- I have to go✅
- I : subject
- have : main verb
- to go : infinitive ( to + verb1)
- I / you / we / they : have
- he / she / it : has
- auxiliary pada past perfect (semua subjek) : had
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